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Diabetes and Foot Ulcers: Risk, Warnings and Prevention

December 12, 2025

Diabetes is more than a condition affecting blood sugar. It quietly influences different parts of the body, and one area often overlooked is the feet. While many people focus on diet, exercise, and medication, foot health is a crucial aspect of living safely with diabetes. Foot ulcers are one of the most serious complications that can arise, but with awareness and careful care, they can often be prevented.

Understanding the Risk

People with diabetes face two main challenges when it comes to their feet. First, prolonged high blood sugar can damage nerves, reducing sensation. This means minor injuries, like cuts, blisters, or friction from shoes, may go unnoticed. Second, diabetes can impair circulation, slowing the flow of blood to the feet. Reduced blood flow delays healing, making even small injuries prone to worsening over time.

When both of these factors combine, a minor skin issue can quickly develop into a foot ulcer. Often, people only notice the problem when the ulcer becomes visible or infected, which makes early prevention essential.

How Foot Ulcers Start

Foot ulcers typically begin subtly. A hard patch of skin on the heel, a blister from new footwear, or a small nick from trimming nails incorrectly can all trigger an ulcer. Because reduced sensation prevents discomfort from being felt immediately, the injury continues to worsen with daily activity. Over time, the sore can deepen and expand, creating a larger wound that is difficult to treat.

Infection is a real concern. Open wounds provide a doorway for bacteria, and with slower healing in diabetes, infections can take hold quickly. Left untreated, foot ulcers may lead to serious complications, including tissue damage and, in extreme cases, amputation.

Warning Signs to Watch For

  • Redness or swelling in one area
  • A persistent sore that does not heal
  • Discoloration or dark patches on the skin
  • Dry, cracked, or thickened skin
  • Fluid, discharge, or unusual smell

Recognising these signals early and taking prompt action is key to preventing escalation.

Who Is Most at Risk

  • Long-standing or poorly controlled diabetes
  • History of previous foot injuries or ulcers
  • Smoking, which affects circulation
  • Ill-fitting shoes or continuous pressure on specific foot areas
  • Kidney or vascular problems

Being aware of personal risk helps in adopting preventive measures before problems develop.

Prevention: Daily Habits That Make a Difference

  • Inspect Your Feet Daily: Check for cuts, blisters, swelling, or color changes. Use a mirror if needed.
  • Maintain Good Hygiene: Wash feet gently, dry thoroughly, and moisturize dry areas (avoid between toes).
  • Wear Proper Footwear: Shoes should be comfortable and supportive, avoiding pressure points.
  • Trim Nails Carefully: Cut straight across and avoid cutting too close to the skin.
  • Avoid Walking Barefoot: Even indoors, bare feet risk injury from small objects or rough surfaces.
  • Manage Blood Sugar Effectively: Stable sugar levels improve healing and reduce the risk of complications.
  • Regular Check-Ups: A healthcare professional can spot potential issues early and advise preventive care.

Seeking Medical Care

If a wound appears, it is important to act promptly. Any sore that deepens, becomes red, swollen, or emits an unusual odor requires professional evaluation. Early treatment often includes cleaning, dressing, and pressure relief, along with strategies to improve healing and prevent infection. Prompt attention can stop a minor injury from becoming a serious problem.

Conclusion

Foot ulcers are a common but preventable complication of diabetes. Awareness, daily foot care, and timely medical attention are essential to maintaining foot health. By taking a proactive approach, individuals with diabetes can protect their mobility, reduce the risk of infection, and avoid serious complications. Healthy feet are a cornerstone of independent and safe living with diabetes — small daily actions go a long way in keeping them strong and pain-free.